hidden pixel

Secretary of the Navy Information

The Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) of the United States of America is the head of the Department of the Navy, a component organization (military department) of the Department of Defense. The Secretary of the Navy was a member of the President's Cabinet until 1947, when the Navy, Army, and newly created Air Force were placed in the Department of Defense and the Secretary of the Navy was placed under the Secretary of Defense.[1] The position of Secretary of the Navy is filled by appointment of the Executive Branch and requires confirmation by a majority vote of the Senate.

Contents

Responsibilities

Subordinate to the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Navy is responsible for, and has statutory authority (Title 10 of the United States Code Section 5013) to "conduct all the affairs of the Department of the Navy", i.e. as its Chief Executive Officer. The Department of the Navy consists of two Uniformed Services: the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps.[2] In effect, all authority within the Navy and Marine Corps is derivative of the authority vested in the Secretary of the Navy. Specifically enumerated responsibilities of the SECNAV in beforementioned section are: recruiting, organizing, supplying, equipping, training, mobilizing, and demobilizing. The Secretary also oversees the construction, outfitting, and repair of naval ships, equipment and facilities. SECNAV is responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies and programs that are consistent with the national security policies and objectives established by the President or the Secretary of Defense.[3][4]

Whenever the United States Coast Guard operates as a service within the Department of the Navy, the Secretary of the Navy has the same powers and duties with respect to the Coast Guard as the Secretary of Homeland Security when the Coast Guard is not operating as a service in the Navy.[5] The principal military advisers to the SECNAV are the two service chiefs of the naval services: for matters regarding the Navy the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), and for matters regarding the Marine Corps the Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC). The CNO and the Commandant act as the principal executive agents of the SECNAV within their respective services to implement the orders of the Secretary.

The Director of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service also reports directly to the SECNAV.

The Navy Secretariat

The Office of the Secretary of the Navy is also known as the Navy Secretariat, or simply just as the Secretariat in a DoN setting. The principal officials of the Secretariat include the Under Secretary of the Navy (the Secretary's principal civilian deputy), the Assistant Secretaries of the Navy (ASN), the General Counsel of the Department of the Navy, the Judge Advocate General of the Navy, the Naval Inspector General, the Chief of Legislative Affairs, and the Chief of Naval Research. The Office of the Secretary of the Navy has sole responsibility within the Department of the Navy for acquisition, auditing, financial and information management, legislative affairs, public affairs, research, and development.[6]

The Chief of Naval Operations and the Commandant of the Marine Corps have separate staffs, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations and Headquarters Marine Corps.

Secretaries of the Navy[7][8]

Denotes acting Secretaries

Continental Congress

Position Picture Name Term of Office
Chairman of the Marine Committee John Adams Oct 13, 1775–1779
Member of the Marine Committee John Langdon 13 October 1775 - ?
Member of the Marine Committee Silas Deane 13 October 1775 - ?
Member of the Marine Committee Joseph Hewes 1775 [9]
Continental Navy Board (under Marine Committee) November 6, 1776 - 28 October 28, 1779
Chairman of the Continental Board of Admiralty Francis Lewis Dec 1779 - 1780
Secretary of Marine Alexander McDougall February 7, 1781 - Aug 29, 1781
Agent of Marine (devolved onto Superintendent of Finance) Robert Morris Aug 29, 1781 - 1784 [10]

(post of Secretary of Marine created but remained vacant)

Executive Department 1798-1947

No. Picture Name State Term of Office Served under
1 Benjamin Stoddert Maryland June 18, 1798–March 31, 1801 John Adams
2 Robert Smith Maryland July 27, 1801 - March 4, 1809 Thomas Jefferson
3 Paul Hamilton South Carolina May 15, 1809–December 31, 1812 James Madison
4 William Jones Pennsylvania January 19, 1813–December 1, 1814
5 Benjamin Williams Crowninshield Massachusetts January 16, 1815–September 30, 1818 James Madison, James Monroe
6 Smith Thompson New York January 1, 1819–August 31, 1823 James Monroe
7 Samuel Lewis Southard New Jersey September 16, 1823–March 4, 1829 James Monroe, John Quincy Adams
8 John Branch North Carolina March 9, 1829–May 12, 1831 Andrew Jackson
9 Levi Woodbury New Hampshire May 23, 1831–June 30, 1834
10 Mahlon Dickerson New Jersey July 1, 1834–June 30, 1838 Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren
11 James Kirke Paulding New York July 1, 1838–March 4, 1841 Martin Van Buren
12 George Edmund Badger North Carolina March 6, 1841–September 11, 1841 William Henry Harrison, John Tyler
13 Abel Parker Upshur Virginia October 11, 1841–July 23, 1843 John Tyler
14 David Henshaw Massachusetts July 24, 1843–February 18, 1844
15 Thomas Walker Gilmer Virginia February 19, 1844–February 28, 1844
16 John Young Mason Virginia March 26, 1844–March 4, 1845
17 George Bancroft Massachusetts March 11, 1845–September 9, 1846 James Knox Polk
18 John Young Mason Virginia September 10, 1846–March 4, 1849
19 William Ballard Preston Virginia March 8, 1849–July 22, 1850 Zachary Taylor
20 William Alexander Graham North Carolina August 2, 1850–July 25, 1852 Millard Fillmore
21 John Pendleton Kennedy Maryland July 26, 1852–March 4, 1853
22 James Cochran Dobbin North Carolina March 8, 1853–March 4, 1857 Franklin Pierce
23 Isaac Toucey Connecticut March 7, 1857–March 4, 1861 James Buchanan
24 Gideon Welles Connecticut March 7, 1861–March 4, 1869 Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson
25 Adolph Edward Borie Pennsylvania March 9, 1869–June 25, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant
26 George Maxwell Robeson New Jersey June 26, 1869–March 4, 1877
(acting) William Faxon March 4, 1877–March 13, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes
27 Richard Wigginton Thompson Indiana March 13, 1877–December 20, 1880
28 Nathan Goff, Jr. West Virginia January 7, 1881–March 4, 1881
29 William Henry Hunt Louisiana March 7, 1881–April 16, 1882 James Garfield, Chester A. Arthur
30 William Eaton Chandler New Hampshire April 16, 1882–March 4, 1885 Chester A. Arthur
31 William Collins Whitney New York March 7, 1885–March 4, 1889 Grover Cleveland
32 Benjamin Franklin Tracy New York March 6, 1889–March 4, 1893 Benjamin Harrison
33 Hilary Abner Herbert Alabama March 7, 1893–March 4, 1897 Grover Cleveland
34 John Davis Long Massachusetts March 6, 1897–April 30, 1902 William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt
35 William Henry Moody Massachusetts May 1, 1902–June 30, 1904 Theodore Roosevelt
36 Paul Morton Michigan July 1, 1904–June 30, 1905
37 Charles Joseph Bonaparte Maryland July 1, 1905–December 16, 1906
38 Victor Howard Metcalf California December 17, 1906–November 30, 1908
39 Truman Handy Newberry Michigan December 1, 1908–March 4, 1909
40 George von Lengerke Meyer Massachusetts March 6, 1909–March 4, 1913 William Howard Taft
41 Josephus Daniels North Carolina March 5, 1913–March 4, 1921 Woodrow Wilson
42 Edwin Denby Michigan March 6, 1921–March 10, 1924 Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge
(acting) Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. New York March 10, 1924–March 19, 1924 Calvin Coolidge
43 Curtis Dwight Wilbur California March 19, 1924–March 4, 1929
44 Charles Francis Adams III Massachusetts March 5, 1929–March 4, 1933 Herbert Hoover
45 Claude Augustus Swanson Virginia March 4, 1933–July 7, 1939 Franklin D. Roosevelt
46 Charles Edison New Jersey July 7, 1939–January 2, 1940
January 2, 1940–June 24, 1940
(acting) Lewis Compton June 24, 1940–July 11, 1940
47 William Franklin Knox Illinois July 11, 1940–April 28, 1944
(acting) Ralph A. Bard April 28, 1944–May 19, 1944
48 James Vincent Forrestal New York May 19, 1944–September 17, 1947 Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S Truman

Military Department (Department of Defense) 1947-

No. Picture Name Term of Office Served under
1 John L. Sullivan September 18, 1947–May 24, 1949 Harry S. Truman
2 Francis P. Matthews May 25, 1949–July 31, 1951
3 Dan A. Kimball July 31, 1951–January 20, 1953
4 Robert B. Anderson February 4, 1953–March 3, 1954 Dwight D. Eisenhower
5 Charles S. Thomas May 3, 1954–April 1, 1957
6 Thomas S. Gates April 1, 1957–June 8, 1959
7 William B. Franke June 8, 1959–January 19, 1961
8 John B. Connally, Jr January 25, 1961–December 20, 1961 John F. Kennedy
9 Fred Korth January 4, 1962–November 1, 1963
(acting) Paul B. Fay November 2, 1963–November 28, 1963 John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson
10 Paul H. Nitze November 29, 1963–June 30, 1967 Lyndon B. Johnson
(acting) Charles F. Baird July 1, 1967–August 31, 1967
11 Paul R. Ignatius September 1, 1967–January 24, 1969
12 John H. Chafee January 31, 1969–May 4, 1972 Richard M. Nixon
13 John W. Warner May 4, 1972–April 8, 1974
14 J. William Middendorf, II April 8, 1974–January 20, 1977 Richard M. Nixon, Gerald Ford
15 W. Graham Claytor, Jr. February 14, 1977–August 24, 1979 Jimmy Carter
16 Edward Hidalgo October 24, 1979–January 20, 1981
17 John Lehman February 5, 1981–April 10, 1987 Ronald Reagan
18 Jim Webb May 1, 1987–February 23, 1988
19 William L. Ball March 28, 1988–May 15, 1989 Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush
20 Henry L. Garrett III May 15, 1989–June 26, 1992 George H.W. Bush
(acting) Daniel Howard June 26, 1992–July 7, 1992
21 Sean O'Keefe July 7, 1992–October 2, 1992
October 2, 1992–January 20, 1993
(acting) Admiral Frank B. Kelso II January 20, 1993–July 21, 1993 Bill Clinton
22 John H. Dalton July 22, 1993–November 16, 1998
23 Richard Danzig November 16, 1998–January 20, 2001
(acting) Robert B. Pirie, Jr. January 20, 2001–May 24, 2001 George W. Bush
24 Gordon R. England May 24, 2001–January 30, 2003
(acting) Susan Livingstone January 30, 2003–February 7, 2003
(acting) Hansford T. Johnson February 7, 2003–September 30, 2003
25 Gordon R. England October 1, 2003–December 29, 2005[11]
(acting) Dionel M. Aviles December 29, 2005[11] - January 3, 2006[11]
26 Donald C. Winter January 3, 2006[11] - March 13, 2009[12] George W. Bush, Barack Obama
(acting) B. J. Penn March 13, 2009[12] - May 19, 2009[13] Barack Obama
27 Ray Mabus May 19, 2009[12] - Present

References

  1. ^ "Guide to Federal Records - General Records of the Department of the Navy, 1798–1947". http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/080.html#80.1. Retrieved September 23, 2007.
  2. ^ "The US Navy". http://www.navy.mil/navydata/leadership/secnav_resp.asp. Retrieved September 23, 2007.
  3. ^ "US CODE: Title 10,5013. Secretary of the Navy". http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode10/usc_sec_10_00005013----000-.html. Retrieved September 23, 2007.
  4. ^ "U.S. Navy Biographies - The Honorable Donald C. Winter". http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/bio.asp?bioID=325. Retrieved September 23, 2007.
  5. ^ "US CODE: Title 10,5013a. Secretary of the Navy: powers with respect to Coast Guard". http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode10/usc_sec_10_00005013---a000-.html. Retrieved September 23, 2007.
  6. ^ "US CODE: Title 10,5014. Office of the Secretary of the Navy". http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode10/usc_sec_10_00005014----000-.html. Retrieved September 23, 2007.
  7. ^ "Department of the Navy, Office of the General Counsel (DON-OGC) - OGC History". Archived from the original on July 24, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070724110938/http://ogc.navy.mil/ogchistory.asp. Retrieved September 23, 2007.
  8. ^ Cahoon, Ben (2000). "United States Government". World Statesmen. http://worldstatesmen.org/USA_govt.html#Navy. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
  9. ^ Joseph Hewes. Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval Historical and Heritage Command.
  10. ^ Benson J. Lossing. Household History for All Readers. 1877. Republished in Our Country vol. 2
  11. ^ a b c d Staff reporter (2005-12-29). "Acting Deputy Defense Secretary Relinquishes Top Navy Post". American Forces Press Service. http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=18435. Retrieved 2009-05-18. "Navy Undersecretary Dionel M. Aviles will serve as acting Navy secretary effective today. Donald Winter, who was confirmed by the Senate last month, will be sworn in as the 74th secretary of the Navy on Jan. 3."
  12. ^ a b c "Navy Secretary Departs Office" (Press release). United States Department of Defense. 2009-03-13. http://www.defenselink.mil/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=12554. Retrieved 2009-05-18. "The 74th Secretary of the Navy, Donald C. Winter, resigned his office today as planned. Winter had agreed to remain in office until March 13, 2009, to ease the transition of the Department of Defense. [...] BJ Penn will be the acting Secretary of the Navy until the Senate confirms a nominee chosen by President Barack Obama."
  13. ^ Staff reporter (2005-05-19). "Mabus Sworn in as New Navy Secretary". NNS. http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=18435. Retrieved 2009-05-20. "Ray Mabus, former Mississippi governor and U.S. ambassador to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, was sworn in May 19 as the 75th secretary of the Navy." (Archived by WebCite at WebCite)
United States Department of the Navy leadership
Secretaries
Cabinet level StoddertSmithHamiltonJonesCrowninshieldS ThompsonSouthardBranchL. WoodburyDickersonPauldingBadgerUpshurHenshawGilmerMasonBancroftMasonPrestonGrahamKennedyDobbinTouceyWellesBorieRobesonR ThompsonGoffHuntChandlerWhitneyTracyHerbertLongMoodyMortonBonaparteMetcalfNewberryMeyerDanielsDenbyWilburAdamsSwansonEdisonKnoxForrestal
Dept. of Defense SullivanMatthewsKimballAndersonThomasT. GatesFrankeConnallyKorthNitzeIgnatiusChafeeWarnerMiddendorfClaytorHidalgoLehmanWebbBallGarrettO'KeefeDaltonDanzigEnglandWinterMabus
Under Secretaries ForrestalBardA. GatesSullivanKenneyKimballWhitehairThomasT. GatesFrankeBantzFayBeLieuBaldwinBairdWarnerSandersMiddendorfPotterMacdonaldWoolseyMurrayGoodrichGarrettHowardDanzigHultinPirieLivingstoneAvilesWork
Assistant Secretaries
Pre-1954 FoxFaxonSoleyMcAdooT. Roosevelt Sr.AllenHackettDarlingNewberrySatterleeWinthropF. RooseveltG. WoodburyT. Roosevelt Jr.RobinsonJahnckeH. RooseveltEdisonComptonBardHenselKenneyAndrewsKoehlerAskinsFogler
Post-1954 Financial Management and ComptrollerInstallations and EnvironmentManpower and Reserve AffairsResearch, Development and AcquisitionsGeneral Counsel of the Navy • defunct: (Air · Installations and Logistics · Material · Research and Development · Research, Engineering and Systems · Shipbuilding and Logistics)
Senior Officials in the United States Department of Defense

Secretary of Defense: Leon Panetta

Deputy Secretary of Defense: Ashton Carter

Secretaries of the Military Departments: Secretary of the Army: John McHughSecretary of the Navy: Ray MabusSecretary of the Air Force: Michael Donley

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: Martin Dempsey, USA

Under Secretaries of Defense: Acquisition, Technology and Logistics: Frank Kendall III (Acting) • Policy: Michèle FlournoyComptroller/Chief Financial Officer: Robert HalePersonnel and Readiness: Clifford StanleyIntelligence: Michael Vickers

Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: James Winnefeld, USN

Chiefs of the Military Services: Chief of Staff of the Army: Raymond OdiernoCommandant of the Marine Corps: James AmosChief of Naval Operations: Jonathan GreenertChief of Staff of the Air Force: Norton Schwartz

Agencies under the United States Department of Defense
Headquarters: The Pentagon Secretary of Defense
Deputy Secretary of Defense Office of the Secretary of Defense · Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee · Office of Net Assessment · Pentagon Force Protection Agency · Office of the Inspector General, U.S. Department of Defense
Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Director, Defense Research and Engineering · Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency · Missile Defense Agency · Defense Contract Management Agency · Defense Logistics Agency · Defense Technical Information Center · Defense Threat Reduction Agency · Office of Economic Adjustment · Defense Acquisition University · Business Transformation Agency
Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Defense Security Cooperation Agency · Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office
Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) Defense Contract Audit Agency · Defense Finance and Accounting Service
Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness Defense Commissary Agency · Department of Defense Education Activity · DoD Human Resources Activity · Military Health System · Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences · Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute · Office of the Chancellor for Education and Professional Development
Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence Defense Intelligence Agency · Defense Security Service · Defense Information Systems Agency · National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency · National Reconnaissance Office · National Security Agency
Service Departments Army: United States Army, Secretary Navy: United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, Secretary Air Force: United States Air Force, Secretary Joint Chiefs of Staff · Unified Combatant Command
Leaders of the United States federal executive departments

AgricultureCommerceDefenseEducationEnergyHealth and Human ServicesHomeland SecurityHousing and Urban DevelopmentInteriorJusticeLaborStateTransportationTreasuryVeterans Affairs


Past department leaders: Commerce and LaborHealth, Education, and WelfareNavyPost OfficeWar
United States Armed Forces
Leadership
Organization
Service departments
Branches
Other uniformed services
Reserve components
Civilian auxiliaries
Unified Combatant Command
Structure
Operations and history
Personnel
Training
Uniforms
Ranks
Other
Equipment
Land
Sea
Air
Other
Legend: A = Army, MC = Marine Corps, N = Navy, AF = Air Force, CG = Coast Guard, PHS = Public Health Service, NOAA = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, MSC = Military Sealift Command
United States Navy
Portal: United States Navy · Category:United States Navy
Leadership Secretary of the Navy · Under Secretary of the Navy · Chief of Naval Operations · Vice Chief of Naval Operations · Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy · 4-star admirals · House Subcommittee on Seapower and Expeditionary Forces · Senate Subcommittee on Seapower
Structure Navy · Navy Reserve · Fleet Marine Force · Expeditionary Combat Command · Merchant Marine
Operating Forces Fleet Forces Command · Pacific Fleet · Naval Forces Europe · Naval Forces Central Command · Naval Forces Southern Command · Naval Special Warfare Command · Naval Reserve Forces · Operational Test and Evaluation Force · Naval Network Warfare Command · Military Sealift Command
Shore Establisments Naval Sea Systems Command · Naval Air Systems Command · Naval Facilities Engineering Command · Naval Supply Systems Command · Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command · Fleet Cyber Command · Naval Academy · Naval Education and Training Command · Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command · Office of Naval Intelligence · Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center · Naval Security Group Command · Naval Legal Service Command · Naval Observatory · Naval Safety Center · Bureau of Naval Personnel · Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Numbered fleets Third Fleet · Fourth Fleet · Fifth Fleet · Sixth Fleet · Seventh Fleet · Tenth Fleet
Structure The Pentagon · Units · Aircraft wings · Aircraft squadrons · Carrier strike group · Installations · Naval Observatory
Ships

A–B · C · D–F · G–H · I–K · L · M · N–O · P · Q–R · S · T–V · W–Z

Aircraft carriers · Airships · Amphibious warfare ships · Auxiliaries · Battleships · Cruisers · Destroyers · Destroyer escorts · Escort carriers · Frigates · Mine warfare vessels · Monitors · Patrol vessels · Sailing frigates · Steam frigates · Steam gunboats · Ships of the line · Sloops of war · Submarines · Torpedo boats
Personnel and training People · Officers: Officer insignia / Designators · Enlisted: Enlisted insignia / Ratings / Classification Personnel: Chaplain Corps (Chief of Chaplains) · United States Navy EOD · Medical Corps · Dental Corps · Nurse Corps · Medical Service Corps · Supply Corps · Civil Engineer Corps · JAG Corps (JAG) · NCIS · Boatswain's mates · Hospital Corpsman · Naval Aviator · SEALs · Seabees · SWCCs · Hispanic sailors Training: Recruit training · United States Naval Academy · Officer Candidate School · STA-21 · NROTC · BESS · BFTT · CNATT · COMPTUEX · NAWCTSD · Naval Chaplaincy School · Naval Hospital Corps School · Naval Justice School · Naval Postgraduate School · Navy School of Music · Navy Senior Enlisted Academy · Navy Supply Corps School · Naval War College · Nuclear Power School · JMTC · TOPGUN · USNTPS · Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Equipment Uniforms · Awards · Badges · Current fleet · Reserve fleet · Aircraft · Weapons · Naval reactors
History and traditions History · "Anchors Aweigh" · Blue Angels · Continental Navy · Ensign · Fleet bands · Fleet Week · Jack · Line-crossing ceremony · National Museum · Navy Band · Navy Flag · Navy Hymn · Navy Memorial · Navy service numbers · Sailor's Creed · Ship commissioning · Ship decommissioning · USS Constitution · Wetting-down
United States Marine Corps
Portal:United States Marine Corps · Category:United States Marine Corps
Leadership

Secretary of the Navy · Under Secretary of the Navy · Commandant of the Marine Corps · Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps · Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps · Four-star generals · United States Congress (House Subcommittee on Seapower and Expeditionary Forces · Senate Subcommittee on Seapower)

Major commands

Organization of the Marine Corps · Headquarters Marine Corps · Marine Forces Command (II Marine Expeditionary Force) · Marine Forces Pacific (I Marine Expeditionary Force · III Marine Expeditionary Force) · Marine Forces Reserve · Fleet Marine Force (Atlantic · Pacific)

Structure

Marine Air-Ground Task Force · Bases · Battalions · Marine aviation · Marine Expeditionary Unit · MARSOC · Recon (Force · Division)

Personnel & training

Personnel: Rank insignia · MOS · Notable Marines · Historical Marines · Criminal Investigation Division · Judge Advocate Division · Chaplain of the Marine Corps · Hispanic Marines · Associated organizations Training: Recruit Training · School of Infantry · Officer Candidates School · The Basic School · Martial Arts Program

Uniforms & equipment

Uniforms · Awards · Badges · Weapons · Vehicles and aircraft · Individual equipment

History & traditions

History · Culture · Acronyms and terms · Birthday Ball · Eagle, Globe, and Anchor · Marine Band · Drum and Bugle Corps · Service Numbers · Marine Corps War Memorial · Flag · Marine One · Marines' Hymn · National Museum · Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima · Rifleman's Creed · Semper Fidelis · Silent Drill Platoon · Toys for Tots

Categories:

 

The above information uses material from Wikipedia and is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Some facts may not have been fully verified for accuracy. [Disclaimers]
This page was last archived by our server on Fri Dec 16 03:42:55 2011.
Displaying this page or its contents does not use any Wikimedia Foundation's resources.
The owners of this site proudly support the Wikimedia Foundation.